The Concept of Gravitational Force - 736 Words

Research papers In our current Universe, there are four fundamental forces that ultimately describe natural phenomena, â€Å"from spinning electron to spinning galaxy.† The four fundamental forces of nature are Gravitational Force, Electromagnetic Force, Strong Force and Weak Force; these forces play significant roles in shaping the Universe. Gravitational Force in regarding to cosmology is arguably the most compelling force with its large-scale of ability to illustrate how matters interact with each other in space. Electromagnetic Force is a critical force for living organism due to the fact that it is the force that holds atoms together to form molecules. Likewise, the Strong Force is severely important to life as it holds the nucleus together against immense force of repulsion created by proton. Lastly, the Weak Force, caused by radioactive decay and nuclear fusion is responsible for creation of supernova which leads to the creation of the sun. Without any of the four fund ament force, lives simply would not existed in this universe. The concept of Gravitational Force can be closely observed in daily basic in which Sir Isaac Newton established Calculus essentially to calculate the motion of a falling object. Under great influences from his curiosity, Newton questioned the unthinkable as he observed the phenomenal motion of a falling apple. As a result of his brilliant observation, Newton established the Universal Law of Gravitational which fully capable of solving andShow MoreRelated Gravity Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pages Gravity is really an unknown force. We can define it as a field of influence, and that it effects the entire existence of the universe. Some people think that gravity consists of particles called gravitons, which travel at the speed of light. The only thing we do know is how gravity operates in different parts of our universe. Without gravity, there would be no space and time. There is a legend that says that Galileo once dropped two objects off the Leaning Tower of Pisa to show that the heavierRead MoreThe Effect Of Energy On The Body1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthis situation, an object will have a certain amount of potential energy based upon its location in reference to a gravitational field. This notion is true in and outside of Earth, given that the movement of objects are influenced by Newton’s laws of motion (Feyman et al. 2013). In comparison, kinetic energy is the amount of energy a body possesses due to its motion. As such, the concepts of potential and kinetic energy are relatively different; however, they are closely intertwined and each influencesRead MoreThe Conservation Of Energy Lab Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiments demonstrated the importance of the first law of thermodynamic and how its present on our daily lives. Therefore, reinforcing the importance of thermodynamics concepts and their role in our society. Objectives: Experiment A: Terrestrial Gravitational Acceleration The main objective of experiment A, was to measure the gravitational acceleration of earth upon between two distinct masses; and to measure and record time and mass in order to calculate an experimental value for gravity. ExperimentRead MoreReal Life Uses For Improper Integrals1072 Words   |  5 Pages--------------------------------------------------- 10 â€Æ' Real life Uses for Improper Integrals: Investigating possible physical employments for Improper Integrals Introduction and Rationale Before I started learning about IB physics, calculus seemed only to be an abstract concept within the classroom. Yet as I started to learn more about the physical behaviours of the world around me, the significance of the link between mathematics and physics became much more apparent. This link first came to me when I studied KinematicsRead MoreThe Ratio Of The Lengths Changes1724 Words   |  7 Pagescentripetal acceleration and gravitational potential energy. (Knowledge) Gravitational Potential Energy Forces This concept relates back to unit 2 where in class we discussed about gravitational energy and power. The standard definition of a pendulum according to Webster is a body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity or another type of force. In class we talked about how gravitational potential energy isRead MoreThe Modern Era Of Car Safety967 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge of multiple physics concepts are required. Newton’s 3 laws of motion give a great testament to forces acted upon a given object. His three laws are: 1. First law of motion, â€Å"The law of inertia†: â€Å"Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it† (Newton s three laws of motion, 2001). This law states that if an object is moving at a uniform speed, it will not stop unless an external force is applied to it. 2. SecondRead MoreThe Relation Between Energy And Momentum1435 Words   |  6 Pagescure many defects of special relativity. These defects include uncap ability of explaining gravitational red shift and satisfaction of the Newtonian limit [1]. Despite these successes generalized special relativity suffers from noticeable setbacks. First of all its way of derivation make it restricted to weak fields only. Although recent derivation make it applicable to fields other than the weak and gravitational field, but this derivation needs to be strengthen. The relation between energy and momentumRead MoreJustification And Relevance Of Lesson Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesand quantitatively. Learning Objective (s) Knowledge: The students will be able to understand that there is both gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy as a ball rolls down a ramp. They will be able to apply the conservation of mechanical energy equation. Student Friendly Learning Objectives (Posted on the white board) Knowledge: I can understand that there is both gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy as a ball rolls down a ramp. I can apply the conservation of mechanical energyRead MoreAnalyzing The Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy Of A Pendulum Essay838 Words   |  4 Pageswill analyze the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of a pendulum. They will be able to understand that a pendulum can have both kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy as it moves from one extreme to the other. Student Friendly Learning Objectives (Posted on the white board) Knowledge: I can measure and analyze the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of a pendulum. I can understand that pendulums can have both kinetic energy and gravitational potential energyRead Moreafter earth review1162 Words   |  5 Pagesnot contain oxygen. In the movie, we do agree that earth contain gravitational force. Moreover, the love of a father is one of the moral value that we agree in this movie. However, we disagree with some points in the movie especially the decrement of the temperature in the earth. Other than that, we also disagree the function of the video-audio system. Will Smiths movie is about in the near future, an environmental cataclysm forces the human race to abandon Earth and settle on a new world, Nova

Martin Luther King’s Arguements for Peace in Letter from...

Martin Luther King’s adherence towards peace and especially social justice is clearly shown in â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† In this letter King writes with passion and conviction. Through this suggestive yet powerful letter Martin Luther King uses various rhetorical devices to get his point across by saying â€Å"justice too long delayed, is justice denied.† Through the clergymen’s arguments and use of ethos, pathos, and logos, he demonstrates to them that they need to take action immediately. The purpose for Martin Luther king to write â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† was to respond to white Alabama clergymen who before this had criticized his action saying they were â€Å"unwise and untimely.† These clergymen had published a criticism directed towards King’s organization and participation in his protest march against segregation in Birmingham. This letter is not intended to persuade these men towards supporting civil rights, but rather to demonstrate that there is an immediate need towards direct action, and also that they need to open their eyes and see the African American community’s suffering. King withal expounds the need for tension, though only through nonviolent means, a tension that will coerce society to confront the present convivial iniquity head on. King disapproves being called an outsider because of his belief that humanity is part an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Throughout the essay King not solely addresses the clergymens

Dutch Slave Trade Essay Research Paper Dutch free essay sample

Dutch Slave Trade Essay, Research Paper Dutch Slave Trade During the 17th and 18th centuries, mercantile system was the emerging economic policy through which the slave trade developed in Europe. In the Netherlands many historical events gave rise to a desire for domination of international trade. They were serious shopkeeper and were to a great extent involved in the profitable concern of bondage. The Dutch, intelligent and self-ruling shopkeepers took no clip in exposing their laterality over rival states, Portugal, England and Spain, in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. They established their international high quality in trade and impacted today s society. From 1609 to 1713, the Dutch Republic was traveling through The Golden Age. It was a clip of economic wealth, and a higher criterion of life compared to most European states. However, the Netherlands had the highest cost of populating out of all European states. It was the period in which mercantile system expanded, and domination of merchandising power was necessity. We will write a custom essay sample on Dutch Slave Trade Essay Research Paper Dutch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page England, France, and Portugal were besides spread outing their boundaries of trade, which will get down a long battle for command at sea. The Dutch was the trading capital of the universe at this clip ; in which is represented in this quotation mark, Although the Dutch doggedly resisted the new competition, the long distance trading system of Europe was transformed from one mostly conducted through the Netherlands, with the Dutch as cosmopolitan buyer-seller and shipper, to one of multiple paths and ferocious fight. ( Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 24, pg. 890 ) . The Netherlands operated in 7 states, known as the United Provinces, and the Dutch society was chiefly consisted of middle class, crewmans, and merchandisers. Because of the major trade industry in Holland, and that agricultural was secondary to the trading industry, the Dutch people were taxed highly high for goods. However, a moving ridge of civilization flowed through Dutch Society, influenced by the economic net income that the Dutch gained from trade. The production of sugar cane and cotton in the New World increased the urgency for labourers in the new settlements, in which led to the major importing of African slaves. These plantations and farms, in the New World sparked the aureate concern of slave trading, a concern that will steer the Dutch to economic wealth. The Dutch entered the slave trade around the sixteenth century and beginning of the seventeenth century. The people in Holland rebelled against the Spanish regulation in 1566, and around 1572, Spanish authorities closed Iberian ports to the Dutch to hold the rebellions. However, this in bend led to the entryway into international trade. This will get down a long battle for merchandising power with the Portuguese, Spanish, English, and French. The Dutch didn Ts take long to do their presence felt. The quotation mark from the book The Slaves describes their attitude coming into the trade, The Dutch, ferociously independent, and aggressive bargainers did non take long to set up themselves internationally. The Dutch were determined to command the trading power in West Africa. By mid sixteenth century, the Dutch had set up stations along the West African seashore, and garrisons in present twenty-four hours Indonesia. The Dutch besides controlled most of the Eastern Sea and had set up garrisons along the Caribbean and the seashore of Dutch Guiana. The Dutch were really bright when it came to technological progresss. One illustration of their cognition was the innovation of the canal and irrigation tactics. The Dutch intelligence in trade shortly overcame the Portuguese in Africa. First off, the Dutch armed their boats and besides trained the crewmans. This system will forestall challengers and enemies to drop their ships or pur ge their lading from the ship. The Dutch besides raided peculiar garrisons, which gave them good geographic points on the map, and limited the power of their challengers. These garrisons were ports for trading paths, where ships may necessitate supplies, and were besides lading countries for slaves. One garrison that the Dutch raided in the beginning of the seventeenth century was at Mina. Mina was a Lusitanian garrison, which had been their major trading garrison since late 1400s. The Dutch captured Mina after few loses in conflict, and so settled a new authorities, and necessary military personnels to support it. The Dutch had besides gave out charters to companies, in which they were allowed trading and settling in assorted locations around the universe. The two major companies for the Dutch were the East Indies Company and the Dutch West India Company. These two companies will give the Dutch a more superior mentality on the tradin g concern by set uping states in the New World and besides Southeast Asia. These few tactics will assist the Dutch shopkeepers secure laterality over their challengers, the Portuguese in Africa. The charter given to the East India Company allowed them to carry on concern between the Dutch Republic and the Cape of Good Hope. The Dutch East India Company established and maintained the Dutch settlements in Southeast Asia during the 17th and eighteenth century. The company non merely conducted trade but besides took over little districts, including Lusitanian retentions. The central office of the company is Batavia, where they controlled the spice trade in Asia and besides won a monopoly in the Nipponese trade. Though this company played a immense function in the spice trade, it merely was a minor slave trading company with few ships traveling in and out of Africa. However, this company strengthened the Dutch s economic system and trading power amongst the Portuguese, English, and French. The Dutch non merely gained merchandising power in Africa and the East Indies, but besides in the Caribbean and Brazil. In the Atlantic, the Dutch West Company was created when it received its charter in 1621. The company was located in Dutch Guiana, Surinam, and islands of the Caribbean. The Dutch West India Company was given huge political and commercial powers, including the right to merchandise on the West Coast of Africa, in the West Indies, and in the New World. The Dutch West India Company besides established states, including New Netherlands. The company besides built many fortresses along the African seashore, where many slaves were captured, and shipped off to settlements. The company prospered until mid seventeenth century, where it fell in a fiscal crisis. These two companies, particularly The Dutch West India Company played a immense function in the Atlantic slave trade. Many celebrated bargainers and adventurers worked for the Dutch West India Company and the East India Company, including Henry Hudson. The ground why the Dutch and English had shipped a farther sum of slaves so the Portuguese is explained: An account for this tremendous leap was that the Dutch and English were more efficient and made the slave trade a duty of a corporation instead than the duty of a few single slave merchandisers. ( Tanoura ) For this ground, the Dutch took control of the slave trade from the Portuguese, and was subsequently exceeded by the English. The slave trade progressed really quickly when the first slaves were sold in New Amsterdam in 1646, from Brazil. A sort of systemized trade path was stimulated with a demand for slaves to work on plantations in the New World. First, the state needed to fix the ship for the ocean trip, which may take months. They so begin their path the bulk of the clip, from Europe where ships set canvas with ware to the West Coast of Africa. These ships so land on the seashore, selling their goods in exchange for African slaves. This part of the trip took the longest, enduring to about 250 yearss, and on the mean 100 yearss. The bargainers had to besides obtain excess supplies for the trip across the Atlantic Ocean, which is otherwise known as the in-between transition. The conditions in the ship were horrid. Many ships were stricken by disease, in which the unlucky were thrown in the ocean. These diseases were due to the minimal airing, visible radiation, nutrient, and sanitation necessary to last the trip across the ocean. The slaves were besides chained to forestall rebellions and perpetrating self-destructions by leaping over-board. Traders even hired freed inkinesss to descry on the slaves, to forestall an rebellion to happen. About 1/4th of the slaves died during the journey across the Atlantic, which was an norm of 2-3 months. The slave ship so had either two waies to take ; one to the American settlements or to the West Indies. When the ship reached fresh H2O and land, the slaves were cheerful, explained here: It was reported that slaves danced with joy when they saw land and green trees once more. For the directors of the slave ships, it was of import that the slaves were in good liquors and looked healthy as they were prepared for the market. ( Postma 168 ) When the slave ships arrived in the West, they had to be checked of any diseases that the slaves may hold. Sometimes this review took about 2 months. For illustration, the Vergenoegen was denied entryway into Surinam because of diseases. Once the disease had resided the ship was allowed to come in the seaport, and to sell its human lading. 32a

A lEsson Befor dying Essay Example For Students

A lEsson Befor dying Essay A Lesson Before DyingFor my final book review I read the novel A Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gains. The book took place in the 1940 right after the great depression. A society stricken by poverty is depicted early in the book. The atmosphere in the first chapter is leading us into the idea of: how can justice prevail in a society dominated by a single group of people? If this story took place in modern day I believe that question would not be as relevant as it is in the fortys. Grant Wiggins, one of the main characters is a teacher at an elementary school, Grant is a very bitter man for being so young, maybe it is because he has known nothing but segregation and racisms his whole life, growing up in Louisiana. Over the course of the novel, he learns to accept responsibility for his own life, for his relations with other people, and for the condition of Southern society. Jefferson is another one of the main characters; Jefferson is a black man who is described as being sensitive and kind of stupid. Jefferson is accused for a murder and faces the death penalty, he becomes very depressed waiting on death row because he feel so worthless in a white dominate world, but Grant befriends him and helps him out before he dies. Jefferson is convicted of murder, while in his cell the hears his own lawyer call him a hog, this upsets him very much and he realizes how the white dominate the world and that justice can not prevail in world. Grant is asked by his aunt and Jeffersons grandmother to go in to the cell and talk to Jefferson so he can die with dignity and lash back at the society that degraded him. He agrees and restores faith back into Jefferson and uses his death to benefit other black people teach them to be strong. The rising action in this book is when Grant agrees to help Jefferson and visits him regularly. Grant progresses slowly at first, as Jefferson refuses to emerge from his shell of anger and resentment. The climax accusers when Grant buys Jefferson a small notebook to write down his thoughts, and Jefferson agrees. The notebook serves to help them communicate falling action occurs when Grant cannot bear to attend Jeffersons execution. He remains at his schoolhouse, but hears from Paul, the white deputy, that Jefferson did, in fact, die with pride and courage. There were three distinct themes in A Lesson before Dyeing. One is the ability to recognize injustice and accept responsibility; the potential inherent in death; the inescapable past. The theme regarding the potential inherent in death is shown by the amount of times the author alludes to the bible and to Jesus Christ and his crucifixion, the author really makes is clear that a mans death can, in fact, be a meaningful event, as an affirmation of an honorable and just life. We are all aware of an inescable past just like Grant, Grant resents his background. He was treated as an inferior most of his life. Throughout the book. I think very highly of this book, it was one of the first times I really enjoyed a book and pulled a lot out of it. I now realize how important it is to live every day with a positive out look and live everyday with honor, so when I do die I too can die with admiration and dignity. I respect Jefferson even though he maybe murders somebody he was able to turn that around and die with dignity. Words/ Pages : 602 / 24

Wrestling Essays - WWE Hall Of Fame, , Term Papers

Wrestling I would just like to start out and say that I don't think that watching wrestling on television is worth while. I can't understand how millions of people sit around their living rooms watching a bunch of muscle-bound wanna be jocks play fight and talk *censored*. IT'S NOT REAL! What else do I have to say? The wrestlers and the officials admit it. The couch potatoes that watch this garbage are drawn in by the story of all things. You see, there is an ongoing saga behind every pseudo-body slam. None of it is real though, none of the trash talking, partnerships, or the fighting is real. Even so, people still are addicted to it. Wrestling today is bigger than it has ever been before. It is constantly ranked first on the Neilson Ratings (along with 2nd, 3rd, and so on until 7th). So, my question is, why is this phony wrestling so popular? Professional wrestling is one of the many worthless products of the 1980's. It had it's time in the spotlight in the mid to late 80's with super-stars like Hulk Hogan and Andr? The Giant. Then faded along with eight tracks and wine coolers. The difference, wrestlers along with the officials swore that every move was real. Every time Hulk Hogan fake-punched his opponent while simotaniously stomping his foot on the floor to create the illusion that he actually hit him, was supposed to be real. As the 90's rolled in wrestling took a bout of silence. For an instant I thought that people had found the same thing that I had, a remote control, and changed the channel. We aren't that lucky though because it is back, WWF and WCW are more popular than ever. The WCW and the WWF are not offiliated though. The WCW consists of has been super stars like Hulk Hogan, now known as Hollywood Hogan, and Rick Flair. On the other hand the WWF hasa new fresh redneck blood like Stone Cold Steve Austin and his archival Kane. Only the WWF gives drug tests to it's participants, which is funny because all the old has beens have had a history of steroid use then quit, but now they are as ripped as they have ever been... hmmm sounds fishy. Most of the wrestling fan base watches the WWF, the fans say that it has a better story line and more appealing characters. While the WCW just has old burnouts who are hooked on steroids and can't write a simple script. At a time when Jerry Springer's ratings are at an all time high, it does not surprise me that people may occasionally tune into something like pro-wrestling, but week after week just seems like too much. According to Time.com, "...about 34 million people watch wrestling every week".(Time, 1999) People who watch television these days want to see violence, they want to see controversy and conflict. The ironic thing is that the WWF and the WCW boast about themselves being "non-violent" and a family oriented program because all the wrestling is staged. However, according to Entertainment Weekly, "...in 50 episodes of "WWF RAW is War" on the USA network featured 42 instances of simulated drug or alcohol use or possession; 1,658 instances of wrestlers grabbing or pointing to their crotches..." (EW, 1999) now, how family oriented is talking about drugs while grabbing your crotch? They buy into this nighttime soap opera of a sport, knowing that it is actually just like any other action-adventure with little plot of conflict and resolution. Of a two hour program, only about a half an hour is devoted to actual wrestling matches. You must wade through the countless trash talking, advertisements, and amateur fights before you finally get to a main event which will, of course have the outcome predetermined by the participants. Now the WWF and the WCW are everywhere, there is tons of merchandise from shirts to video games, and they are all over the Internet. The official sight of the WWF (WWF.com) has had a traffic increase of 300 percent just since April 1998.(cnn.com) Each sight is about the same, they give the latest news and profile a select few wrestlers. The obvious rivalry between the two is blatantly obvious in site chat rooms. The chatters boast that Stone Cold could beat Goldberg or vice versa. Everyone has a distinct view on this wrestling issue, I just wish there was no issue.

Immigrants and Us Economy Essays

Immigrants and Us Economy Essays Immigrants and Us Economy Essay Immigrants and Us Economy Essay The Economic Impact of Illegal Immigrants and the US Economy According to most American people the view of illegal immigration is often a negative one. Philip Martin, an associate professor at University of California – Davis, wrote in his essay, over 90 percent of American population wanted to stop illegal immigration and another 80 percent wanted to reduce the numbers of illegal immigrants in the United States. (Martin, 1982) Illegal immigrants who â€Å"free ride† using the government programs such as unemployment, welfare, education, drain resources for those US citizens. An April 2006 FoxNews poll indicated that 87 percent of those polled expressed concern that illegal immigrants would overburden government programs and services. Sixty-five percent believe that illegal immigrants would cost the country more because they don’t pay taxes yet use public services such as schools and emergency care. The top three proposals in dealing with illegal immigration are: Eighty percent favored building up border patrols, 73 percent favored imposing fines to those employers who hire illegal immigrants, and 59 percent favored allowing temporary status for illegal immigrants. Fox News, 2006) Free ride is defined as receiving the benefit of a good without paying for it. How will illegal immigrants pay for public goods and services if they do not pay taxes? The Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), is an organization whose common belief is to reform immigration policies to secure our nation’s interest. They raise issues regarding the impact illegal immigration on the US economy. FAIR estimated the number of illegal immigrants in the United States, to be approximately 13 million people as of 2007. Other numbers range from 10-12 million between the years of 2004-2006. In 2000, the Census Bureau estimated 8. 7 million and that and that the population will grow by at least 500,000 per year. (FAIR, 2008) FAIR says it costs the United States, in 2000, over 36 billion dollars for just three programs (education, medical and incarceration) to accommodate illegal immigrants in the US, with costs projected to be higher in 2010 and 2020 going up to 71 billion dollars and 106 billion dollars, respectively. With this many illegal immigrants one would wonder if America’s resource will be exhausted. Resource such as land, water and natural gas are limited resources and can be used one and then it is gone and no longer available for anyone else to use. Is it right that an illegal immigrant be given access to such resources without paying for them while the American taxpayer bears the expense? This paper will demonstrate how the US economy is impacted. The economic cost of illegal immigrants it taking a toll on the American people at their expense. A population explosion has Americans worried that illegal immigrants will use up public goods and services and will eventually exhaust its resources which were meant for American citizens. The numbers for American unemployment between the years of 2000 and 2007 are 136,559,000 to 146,032,000, respectively. The difference of 9,473,000 people in a 7-year timeframe is a surge in unemployment. Today, unemployment is at an all time high without the added issue of illegal immigrants â€Å"taking jobs away† by doing the jobs that no one else would want. Unemployment as defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Persons are classified as unemployed if they do not have a job, have actively looked for work in the prior 4 weeks, and are currently available for work. Persons who were not working and were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been temporarily laid off are also included as unemployed. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010) The reason why illegal workers are often employed is because it makes it easier for the employer and employee to escape paying taxes. In Ernesto Zedillo’s book, â€Å"The Future of Globalisation: Exploration in Light of Recent Turbulences†, he argues that without paying taxes, illegal immigrants can become a drain on social services and a public charge upon those states receiving the bulk of the inflow (Zedillo, 2007). With the free ride of not having to pay taxes, illegal immigrants are more prone to abuse and exploitation without the aid of the government programs. Zedillo concludes that while working in these harsh conditions, many illegal immigrants find it hard to economically and culturally live in the U. S. due to having the risk of become an underclass and face a social conflict with U. S. citizens (Zedillo, 2007). By having social conflicts with others, illegal immigrants will hurt government services by not actively articipates in contributing taxes however they will benefit the overall economy in which immigration is essential to the dynamism of the American economy and for sustaining its pace in job creation (Zedillo, 2007) (Gupta, 2010). On the other hand, Gupta argues that the impact is favorable for illegal immigrants because it keeps inflation low. [ (Gupta, 2010) ] He goes on to say those immigrants bring with them a hard work ethic, while most natives believe that they have a hidd en agenda to come to America to take advantage of it opportunities in hopes of making a better life and decide to stay in America. Another benefit for immigrants to join the work force is it keeps wages low resulting in decreased production costs and prices so consumers can spend more money. On the other hand, because most immigrants are less educated and earn less than natives, wages are decreased making the job market very competitive. Taking up residence in America would be imposing on the natives because again their resources and access to public goods will be limited by the growing numbers of illegal immigrants that are crossing America’s borders. Many could conclude that immigrants who come to America would exhaust the services that are currently being used by low-skilled workers who are just trying to survive through programs such as welfare and education. Before the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996, also known as the Welfare Reform Act, was signed by President Clinton, the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) existed. US Dept of Health and Human Services, Unk) AFDC was established by the Social Security Act of 1935 (HHS ASPE, 2009) It was a grant program in which states could provide payments for children in need to did not have a parent in the household, whether they were disabled, had died or unemployed. Each of the contiguous states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands initiated and implemented an AFDC program PRWORA categorized immigrants and outlined who was entitle to certain public goods and services. Legal and illegal immigrants were barred from certain government programs including welfare. However, the Act was revised to allow services for various categories of immigrants to access emergency services and education. (MPI, 1996). The revision was known as Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, also signed by President Clinton. Title V of this Act ensured immigrants received access to public benefits and imposed requirement to obtain sponsorship for immigrants’ relatives. (VisaPortal, 2006). The purposes for such pieces of legislation were to ensure that immigrants and natives were given access to ensure they had facilities and programs for which they could survive. FAIR states the healthcare costs in California alone . 4 billion dollars in unreimbursed costs (Gluek amp; Cihak, 2005) . In the states of Texas and Arizona, respectively, the cost are as high as . 85 and . 4 billion a year. The costs continue to rise not only in the welfare and healthcare arena but there are also costs associated with the education of illegal immigrants and their children. Educating children of illegal immigrants could also cost the American taxpayers more money than if programs are not created to educate them. Three areas where it could cost the American taxpayer are: the legal system, the workforce, and for wages and taxes. (Miller, 1997) In the legal system, if education is not enforced then it is assumed that they will become delinquents and turn to crime and become involved in gang activity, resulting in attorney fees and possibly incarceration which again would hit the taxpayer’s wallet. Secondly, without an education, they would become illiterate and unable to obtain employment. An educated employee would receive a paycheck and pay taxes like the rest of the legal immigrants and American taxpayers. The more education received the more likelihood of being able to sustain themselves and their family. In due time, as members of society, they would â€Å"payback† the funds that were used for them and replace the needed funds through their taxes they paid for those in need. The cycle perpetuates itself because it is likely that children will pursue a better education. In the state of California alone, it has 12 percent of the nations public school students in grades K-12, but it is home to 46 percent of the nations 2. 8 million Limited-English Proficient (LEP) students. Programs have been created to accommodate those who do not speak English at home. The numbers of students are increasing. In 1990 it was 18 percent and rose to 25 percent in 1996. (Miller, 1997). In addition to creating programs, there is a growing need for bilingual teachers also. The shortage creates an education that could be deficient in learning skills hat are necessary to succeed through school. The Federation for American Immigration Reform as mentioned earlier, is an organization whose common belief is to reform immigration policies to secure our nation’s interest. They raise issues regarding the impact illegal immigration on the US economy. FAIR was organized in 1979 and has three main objectives: (1) improve border security, (2) stop illegal immigration, and (3) pr omote immigration levels consistent with national levels. FAIR writes publications and conduct research to assist government officials to write immigration legislation. Immigration is an important topic because it permeates every facet of the American way of life. From healthcare, education, welfare, our legal system, our environment, to budget and other areas all of which immigration legal and illegal; affect the American economy. Many people believe that immigration reform to legalize 11 million immigrants will inundate public services resulting in making it difficult for American to find employment. The issue of immigration is a very sensitive topic for most. While many support giving amnesty to millions of illegal immigrants, there are almost the same amount who do not support immigration reform. Immigration reform has its pros and cons. Many say that immigration reform will help America’s economy. Some say immigrants help out the economy by purchasing goods resulting in money coming back into the economy. Some say they drain the economy because they are competing with American natives who are low skilled workers by taking their jobs, who are just as unskilled as the natives are. If they do not further their education and strive to sharpen their skills, they will remain at that skill level. Unskilled labor usually mean s a higher poverty rate with increased unemployment rates. The laws of economic supply and demand would make the situation worse by lowering wages. On the other hand supporting immigration reform would mean more flexibility for businesses who use cheap labor. Increased productivity means increasing the supply for the demand to buy such products by consumer. Another reason supporters agree with reform is it give immigrant families an opportunity to work and support a family â€Å"back home†.. Immigrant families who come to America see coming to America as a land of opportunity just like ur forefathers did from Euroope. In summary, this paper addressed concerns about illegal immigrants getting a free ride by using public services such as welfare, education and unemployment. The American taxpayers have concerns and believe the United States and the federal government should move to limit the number of illegal immigrants to have access to public goods and services. The new welfare reform, PRWORA is the latest example. This legislation bar s illegal immigrants from virtually all public benefits. It also bars or permits states to bar legal immigrants from major federal programs including cash welfare, food stamps, Medicaid, and Supplemental Security Income, although these provisions are currently under challenge. (Smith amp; Edmonston, 1998) 1llegal immigrants who free ride should pay the taxes like others do and not partake of public services in place now and not take advantage of their neighbors who have managed to getting a service when they need it.

Georgia Dome Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Georgia Dome - Research Paper Example Moreover, in the year 2000, the Super Bowl XXXIV was held at the Dome and each year, the Chick Fil-A Bowl, the Bank of America Atlanta Football Classic and the SEC Football Championships and similar events are hosted. Furthermore, it is the site where NCAA Men’s Basketball Final Four was held in the years 2002 and 2007. In addition, through out the year several sports events such as tennis matches, basket ball games, track and field events and Supercross events are held at the Georgia Dome. The Dome is considered as the home of the famous Atlanta Falcons. The Dome is specially designed to be capable of hosting non sports events as well, such as annual trade shows and religious events. For tourists and sports lovers, ranges of behind the scene tours are available at nominal prices. Such tours are available on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The stadium is oval shaped and this ensures a good view from each of its71, 500 seats. Parking is quite expensive and limited so it is a g ood idea to prefer walking to the Dome instead. The Dome is easily accessible through rail and road. (Gramercy Books, 2006). The responsibility of operating the Georgia Dome, the 21 acre Centennial Olympic Park and Georgia World Congress Centre is undertaken by the Georgia World Congress Centre Authority. Georgia Dome is one of the World’s largest State owned, sports, entertainment and convention center facilities. Atlanta’s Hypar-Tensgrity Georgia Dome is a domed stadium that is supported by cables and was opened to the world in the year 1992. The construction of the combined sports facility was funded by the Georgia General Assembly, and is considered as Atlanta’s largest state funded construction project. During the construction of the Dome, 8,300 tons of reinforced steel was used and approximately 110,000 cubic yards of concrete was used. The Dome occupies a total area of 8.9 acres and has seven levels each of which is of 1.6 million square feet. The height of the Georgia